Of the order of Corinthia worke, and the Ornaments thereof. The eyght Chapter

OF Corinthia worke, Vitruuius speaketh onely in his fourth Booke, and the first Chapter, in a maner as if he would say, that the same, which is sayd of the Ionica Columne, is in Corinthia worke: and in his second Chapter hee speaketh of Mogdilions among the Coronas, therefore not giuing any other rules or measures of the other parts: but the ancient Romanes vsing this order of Corinthia much, (as also the rest) made the Bases of these Columnes, with a great number of members or parts full of worke: of which Bases to set downe some rules, I will speake of one of the fayrest buildings in Rome, that is, the Pantheon, called by the name of, Our Lady de Rotonde, setting downe all the measures thereof. The Columne of Corinthia worke is made by a common rule, consisting of 9. parts in height, with Capitals and Bases: the Capitall whereof, shall be as high as the Columne is thicke below, but the Base shall be of halfe the thickenesse of the Columne. Of this halfe, or height of the Base, there shall be foure euen parts made, whereof the one is for the Plinthus, the other three shall be deuided in fiue equall parts, whereof one part shall bee for the Thorus aboue, but the Thorus vnder shall be a fourth part thicker: so that which resteth shall be deuided into 2. euen parts, whereof one part is for the Scotie below, with the Astragall, and two Lists or borders: that Astragall shall be the sixt part, and each list or border the halfe thereof: but the list or border vnder the nethermost Thorus, shall bee a third part more then the other. The Proiecture of the Plinthus shall stand aboue in another order of Columnes, making them like the Ionica order; but if the place be beneath vpon the ground, then the Proiecture shall be like the Dorica order. Also, according to the place where the Bases shalbe placed, so the workeman must adde or diminish, as is before sayd: for as these Bases stand beneath the sight, it will stand well; but if it bee placed aboue the sight, then all the places that are vsed by the other members, with their seueral distances, shall be made greater, then by this rule is prescribed. And the higher they be set, so much the lesse and fayrer seeme the members therein the workeman of the Rotonde was well aduised, for that hee made the Bases aboue the first story within, with two Scoties, but yet with one Astragall alone, in stead of two.

THe deriuation of the Capitall Corinthia, was from a Mayd of Corinthia: but for that Vitruuius in his fourth Booke and first Chapter describeth his petygrée; whereof I will not trouble my selfe to speake of, thus much I will say: If a workeman had a Temple to make for the Virgin Mary, or any other Saints that were Virgins, or Houses or Sepulchers for persons of honest life and conuersation, then a man might vse this maner of worke. The height of this Capitall shall bee like the thicknesse of the Columne below: the Abacus the seuenth part of that height. Of the rest there shalbe thrée parts made: one for the leaues below; the other for the leaues in the middle; and the last for the Volutes, as we may call them. But betwéene the Volutes and the middlemost leaues, there is a space left to the lesser leaues, from the which the Volutes grew. The Capitall marked B. shall bee vnderneath like the Columne aboue: vnder the Abacus, there is a Cintha made, the height whereof shall be halfe the Abacus: of which Abacus, thrée parts being made, one shalbe for the Cimatie with the Lists, and the rest for the Plinthus. Vnder the foure corners of the Abacus, the greatest Volutes are made; and in the middle of the Abacus, there is a flower as great as the Abacus is thicke, vnder the which the least Volutes shalbe made; vnder the greatest, and also vnder the smallest Volutes, the middle leaues shalbe set, betwéene the which the least leaues shall grow out, and out of them the Volutes spring. The middlemost, and also the vndermost leaues, shall each be 8. in number, standing betwéene each other, as the figure C. sheweth. The widenesse of the Abacus, from poynt to poynt, shalbe two Diameters of the Columnes below: which Diameter shalbe placed in a 4. square, & a Circle drawne without the fouresquare, which shall touch the foure corners: then, without this great Circle, another fouresquare being made, and deuided in Diagonall, that is, crosse-wise, those lines will shew to be two Diameters in length (as Vitruuius teacheth.) But from the line B. C. you shall make a perfit Triangle: and vpon the corner X. shall be to make hollow the Abacus: from the spaces, betwéene the great Circle and the small, there shalbe foure parts made, one part shal rest aboue A. and thrée shalbe thus taken away: the one foote of the Compasse being set vpon X. the other vpon A. drawing about from B. to C. where the crooked line shall reach on the two sides of the Triangle, there shalbe the termination of the corners of the Capitals. The example is in the figure D. in this maner. The Abacus shall come in Perpendicular, with the Plinthus of the Base.

TOuching the Architraue, Fréese and Cornice of the Corinthia, as I haue sayd in the beginning of this Chapter, Vitruuius setteth downe no measure thereof, although he setteth downe the originall of the Mutiles, which may bee made in all maner of Cornices, as wee sée in Antiquities: but to procéed orderly, and not to leaue Vitruuius writing too much, I will set the ornaments of Ionica in this Chapter, adding thereto the Astragall in the Architraue, and an Echinus vnder the Crowne, as some Arch-Architects in Rome haue done. So I say, when the Architraue is made as it standeth by the Ionica, vnder the middlemost Facie, there shall be an Astragall made of the eyght part of the same Facie, and vnder the vppermost Facie also, one of yᵉ eyght parts of the sayd Facie wrought with Lead, as you sée: after that, when the Freese is set with the Cimatie, and thereto the Denticules with the Cimatie, then you must place the Echine aboue it, of such height as the first Facie is, the which with the Proiectures and cuttings, shall shew more then the middlemost Facie: aboue the Echine, you must set the Corona, Cimatie, and Sima, as it is sayd in the Ionica Order.

SOme Romish workemen, procéeding with more boldenesse, haue not onely placed Echines aboue the Denticules, but also made Mutiles and Dentiles together, in one Cornice, which is much condemned by Vitruuius in his fourth Booke, and second Chapter: for that the Dentiles represent certaine téeth, by Vitruuius called Asseri, and the Mogdilions are for the supporting of other ends of wood, by the sayd Author called Cantery: which two kind of beames may not stand together in one place; and I, for my part, could neuer endure Dentiles and Mutiles in one Cornice, although Rome aboundeth therein, and diuers places of Italy also: but procéeding orderly in this worke, I find a generall rule, that is, that the height of the Columnes with Bases and Capitals, shalbe deuided in 4. parts, whereof one is giuen to the Architraue, Fréese and Cornice, and such a height agreeth with the Dorica: the fourth part shalbe deuided in 10. parts: 3. shall be for the Architraue, as aforesayd, 3. for the Fréese, and 4. for the Cornice. But of those 4. there are 9. parts made, one shall bee for the Cimatie aboue the Fréese, 2. for the Echine with the List, 2. for the Mutiles with their Cimatie, 2. for the Corona, and the 2. last parts for the Sima, with her Cimatie, which shall be the fourth part of the Sima. The Proiect of all shall be as aforesayd: you may also make this Architraue, Fréese and Cornice, of the first part of the height of the Columne, as Vitruuius sayth in his fift Booke, and seuenth Chapter of the Theater.

THe lessening of the Coriathia Columne shall be made, as it is sayd of the other: and also thereafter as the height is, but of 16. foote downewards: it shalbe lessened aboue the sixt part, by the rule aforesaid: and if it bee striked or chaneled, then you shall make it like the Ionica; but from the third part netherwards the caruing or hollowing shall be full, as you see it in the Figure on the sides. The Corona is without Mutiles, whereof the Architraue is halfe the Columnes thickenesse: the Fréese, for that it is cut, is the fourth part more then yᵉ Architraue: and the Cornice without the Cimatie of the Freese; is as high as the Architraue: the height of all together is somewhat lesse then the fift part of the Columne: neuerthelesse, if the Proiecture of the Corona bee well made, then it will shew to bee higher then it is, and shall bee lesse wayght vpon the building: wherefore, that the skilful workman may chuse out those parts, that best serue his turne, that he may not exceed Vitruuius doctrine, and the good Antiquities, which men, by his writing, acknowledge, if by any accident this Columne had néed of a proportioned Pedestal, being not let by any occasion, then yᵉ proportion thereof shalbe thus: the bredth shalbe deuided in 3. parts, whereof 2. parts shall bee for the height, that is, one fourth parts, and 2. third parts, (I meane the flat) which height shall be deuided in 7. parts: one for the Bases, one for the Cornice aboue, which shall in all be 9. parts, proportioned according to the Columne: but of the particular members of the Bases and Cornices, I will hereafter shew more, with some Antiquities, whereof men may take such measure as shall best serue their turnes.

AMong other Antiquities of the Corinthia, which are séene in Italy, I thinke the Pantheon of Rome, and the Arch tryumphant, at the Hauen of Ancona, are the fayrest and best to be séene: of which Arch; the Capitall hereunder marked A. is with great care proportioned after the great: which height is contrary to the writing of Vitruuius: neuerthelesse, it had good correspondencie; & it may be, that Vitruuius meant, that the height of the Capitall should be one Columnes thickenesse without the Abacus: but the text herein is falsified, for that I haue not onely found this Capitall, but others more of such proportion. The Columnes hereof are chaneled, as it is shewed here: the Pedestall with the Base vpon it, is a member of the same Arch, also proportioned in the small: the Cornice hereunto added, was found at Al foro transitorio in Rome: that marked with A. is very handsome, for a Corinthian Cornice without Mogdilions: that marked with B. is a little fayrer; but that with C. is the vnhandsomest, because of the double parts, which haue no good grace from the Corona downewards: and also, for that the Corona, vpon so much Cornice, hath so small Proiecture. The Base of the Pedestall marked D. in my opinion, is very fayre, and also the Basement with E. I thinke hath béene a thing that hath continued in some building: which things, altogether, men may applie to the order of Corinthia; and in the Ionica I haue séene the like. The Architraue V. is in Verona, in an Arch tryumphant, which Facies standeth contrary to Vitruuius writing: yet I haue set them here to shew such difference.

OF the doores of Corinthia worke, Vitruuius speaketh nothing at all; but I will speake of the Antiquities which are yet to be séene. The Gate or doore marked S. Y. is at Tiuoh, vpon the Riuer of Auiene, in a round Temple, made after the Counthia maner, which doore is lessened aboue the eyghtéenth part. The height is aboue, 2.4. squares: the rest of the members are proportioned after the great. The window T. and X. is in the same Temple, and lessened aboue like the doore: the Pilasters or Antipagmentum are all proportioned, which a man may find with the Compasse. The doore following, marked P. Z. is that of the Pantheon in Rome, also Corinthia worke; which is 20. ancient Palmes broad: the height 40. And it is sayd, that the Antipagmentum is all of one piece, and I also haue séene no other. The Antipagmentum of this doore is the bredth • the 8. parts of the light thereof, and in the sides it is of a good thickenes. But for that you cannot sée the first, without séeing a part of the sides, therefore it seemeth to such as looke on it, to be broader then in effect it is. And this doore, because it is so high, comes in Perpendicular, and is not lessened as the other aforesayd: all the other members are proportioned according to the greatnesse. The Base aboue the Gate, is like that of flat Columnes aboue the first order, which I haue set downe by the Corinthia.

THe doore hereunder set downe, is at Palestina, and is Corinthia: the widenesse is 2. fouresquares: the Antepagmentum or the Pilaster is broad the sixt part of the widenes, deuided in maner aforesaid. The Sophore or Fréese is the fourth part more then the Supercilie. The Corona and the rest, are like the Supercilie, deuided as you sée in the Figure. The Prothyrides or Ancones, with that which is vpon them, hang so slightly or loosely, as you sée. The Frontispicie is made, as in the order of Dorica, in the second Facie, is sayd.

ALthough this Doore disscreth from all the other, that euer I saw in any Antiquitie, neuerthelesse, it is very pleas• to the sight, and sheweth well: which Doore is without Spoleta, about halfe a mile without the way, in an ancient Temple, made of the Corinthia maner; of the proportion and particular members, I will say nothing; for hee that seeketh néere, may find it with a Compasse.

OF this Order of Corinthia, which is pleasing vnto all men, I will make more sorts of busidings, setting downe some generall rules, to satisfie those that take pleasure to read this worke: and for that ancient workemen, in times past, that desired to make their things strong and euerlasting, made Pillars (wherein the Pilasters are closed) which beare vp the Arches of a great thicknesse; for that cause, the Forefront or Facie ensuing hath the Pillar (that is, the whole body) as broad before as the widenesse of the Arch is; but the thicknesse is 1. fourth part lesse. The thickenesse of the Columnes shall bee a sixt part of the Pillar. The Niches betwéene the Columnes are 2. Columnes thickenesse in bredth: their height is somewhat lesse then 2. fouresquares. The height of the Pedestals of 3. Columnes thicknesse. The height of the Arch shalbe made of 2. fouresquares. The height of the Columnes with Bases and Capitals, shalbe 9. parts and a halfe. The bredth of the Arch with the Pilasters, shalbe of halfe a Columne. The Impost which beareth the Arch, shalbe of the same height, made, in maner, like that of the Theater of Marcellus, in the Order of Ionica: which Impost shall serue for a Cornice aboue the doore: but the height of the doore shalbe made thus: Vnder the sayd Cornice, the Supercilie shalbe also made of the like height; and from thence downewards there shalbe 2. equall parts made to the Stayres; whereof, one shalbe the bredth of the light, and likewise the Cornice of the doore, as the eyes, shall come with the windowes, and the Cimatie of the Pedestall shall also come in like sort vnder the windowes. The light of the windowes shalbe taken Diagonall wise: and the Antepagmentum a sixt part of the light. The particular members of the Pedestall, Base and Capitals, shalbe made, as in the first part of this Order it is sayd. Aboue the Columnes, the Architraue, Fréese and Cornice shalbe set, deuided in such maner as is shewed in the beginning. The height of the second Story shalbe a fourth part lesse then the first, and all the members lessened accordingly, as you may sée and measure it in the figure: she eleuation aboue this I estéeme not for a whole Story, but much lower: the height thereof is as much as the widenesse of the Arch below; and the Cornice which serueth for Architraue, and Fréese, shalbe the fift part of the height of that Story; which measures you may take from the Capitall Dorica: and for more Ornament, a man may set a Fastigies aboue: but setting it in the middle, it would hardly agrée with the two small aboue the Niches, vnlesse it ran round, whereby the worke should be changed, and shew better to the sight.

WHen a workeman will build a Temple, the higher the ground or Pauement is eleuated, so much statelyer the building will shew, for so right ancient workemen haue done, although they vsed other formes of Temples, much different from this here set downe: for they made a body alone, but wee, that are Christians, make our Temples in three parts, setting one part in the middle, and 2. parts on the sides: and sometimes the Chappels are made without the sides, as you sée in the ground. The widenesse of this Facie shall be of 32. parts: one whereof shalbe yᵉ thicknes of a Columne: the middlemost inter-Columnes shall containe 7. parts: the greatest inter-Columnes on the sides shall bee 4. parts and an halfe. The inter-Columne with the Niche shall be 2. parts: and so the 32. parts shalbe distributed. The Arches with the Pilasters shall be halfe a Columne broad: the widenesse of the Doore shalbe of 3. parts and an halfe: the height of 7. parts: the Impost vnder the Arch is as broad as the Arch. The height of the Pedestall is 3. parts: the height of the Columne, with Capitall and Bases, is 9. parts and a halfe. The Architraue, Fréese and Cornice shalbe the fourth part of the height of the Columnes: and so for the particular members and parts resting, the first rule shalbe obserued. The windowes, Niches and other ornaments, a man may conceaue in the figure and measure. The second storie shalbe a fourth part shorter then the first, and all the members lessened accordingly: but the Architraue, Fréese & Cornice, shalbe placed in 3. equall parts, as I sayd of the other. The Fastigies shalbe made, as Vitruuius hath shewed in the order of Dorica. The 2. sides that stand for beautifying and vpholding, shall bee the fourth part of a Circle, whereof A. and B. is the Center; and aboue each Arch that parteth the Chappels, a man may set such things, which will be a great vpholding to the middlemost worke, and also along vpon them, the water may fall from the vppermost toofe to the nethermost.

THe deuiding of this worke ensuing shalbe thus, that the Pillar shalbe the third part of the widenesse of the Arch, but the thickenesse of the sixt part: the thickenesse of the Columne also as much. The height with Base and Capital of ten parts and an halfe: the Arch, Pilaster, and impost of the halfe Columne: the measure of the Impost a man may take from the Dorica Chapter, altering the members: the same shall also serue for a Cornice aboue the doore, and for supporting of the windowes aboue the shops: the height of the Arch (for sometimes vpon occasion, a man shall be forced to haue it so low as you sée) shall be of 3. parts in the bredth, and 5. in height: and the doore also shall haue the same proportion. The Antepagmentum shall be the sixt part of the light; and if the workeman will make the height of the Arch of double proportion, the doore also will be of such proportion: but the Columnes should néed a great stone vnderth Bases, with which things ancient workemen holpe themselues. The height of the Architraue, Fréese, and Cornice are of 2. Columnes thickenesse, as it is said in the first part of the rules, or in maner of some Antiquities aforeshewed. And for that the space vnder the Arch to the soller, which is euen with the flat of the Cornice, should be too great to make crossewise, in such case my aduice should be, to make an Arch right behind the Columne, and to make each space kettlewise, as you sée in the ground. The height of the second story shalbe one 4. part lesse then the first, deuided in this maner: the Podium shall bee as high as the thickenesse of two of the lowest Columnes, and from thence vp wards shall be made 5. parts, one for the Architraue, Fréese and Chrnice, and 4. for the Columnes: the Arches with the Pilasters shall be of halfe a Columne; and for the rest, you shall obserue the generall rule: and if the Facie standeth in any place or market, as it is shewed by the winkels or shops, it will be easie and comely to make a leaning aboue the vppermost Cornice: but for safety from rayne, snow, and frost, aboue all other things, it shall bee requisite to make a roofe or pauement well closed and leaning forward, because of the water: but it will be surer, if it be couered with lead. And although good workemen condemne and shun the setting of a Columne in an emptie place, which I also commend not, neuerthelesse, for that I haue séeme the like matter vpon the Porticus of Po•pcy in Rome, but made after the Dorica maner, therefore I haue presumed to set the like, if it may serue any mans turne.

FOr that the Venetians, in their buildings, vse much Corinthia worke, and also many windowes and Podiums, therefore I haue made one here, which is full of windowes & Podiums, & haue also made Story vpon Story, which is more commodious then bearings out and leanings ouer are, and the building will haue a better shew; for that all the things which a man may sée within, will be séemely. The Compertition of this Facie shall be thus: The bredth shalbe deuided in 30. parts, and one of those parts shalbe the thicknesse of a Columne: the middlemost Intercolumnes shalke of 4. but all the rest of 3. and so the 30. parts shalbe distributed. The height of the Columnes shalbe of 10. parts & a halfe, with Bases and Capitals. The Architraue, Fréese and Cornice shall, together, be the fift part of the height of the Columnes. The members shalbe deuyded, as aforesayd. The light of the Windowes are a Columne and a halfe wide, all in Perpendicular from the top to the bottome: but the height of the first windowes are of 3. parts broad, and 4. high: and those that shall stand vpon them, haue their height in Diagonall maner. The widenesse of the Doore shalbe of 2. Columnes: and the height 4. The Antepagmentum, with the Supercilie, Fréese, and Cornice, shalbe deuided, as it is said of the other before: and so shall the Cornice also of the Doore be, as the windowes below are. The second Story shalbe lower then the first the fourth part: but the leanings with the Balusters being made, as high as a window is broad, the rest of the height shalbe deuided in 5. parts: one for the Architraue, Fréese and Cornice, and the other 4. for the Columnes, with Bases and Capitals. The height of the windowes shalbe of 2. fouresquares: with the rest of the Ornaments, you must doe as I haue sayd of the like: and also the Doore of the Gallery shalbe like that below. The third Story shalbe lessened more then the second one fourth part, and euery member proportionably; onely, the height of the windowes, they shalbe of 2. fouresquares, and rather higher then lower, because the height of it selfe lesseneth: The eleuation also in the middle, shalbe the fourth part lessened, as it is sayd of the other. The Architraue, Fréese and Cornice are the fourth part of that height. The Fastigium shalbe made, as it is sayd of the Dozion Temple: and if there remayneth other measures, you must alwayes turne to the first rule. Hereunder I will set no flat ground: for the Perspectiues of the Galleries shew all clearely.

AS I haue at other times sayd, that the workeman shall haue Columnes inow, but yet so short, that sometimes they will not serue his turne, vnlesse the industrie and cunning of the workeman bee such, that he can helpe himselfe there with. The composition of this Facie shall bee thus, that the wydenesse of an Arch shall be of double height in bredth: the Pillar shall be halfe the same widenesse before: but that Pillar being made in three parts and an halfe, one part thereof shalbe the thickenesse of one Columne: The inter-Columne of a halfe Columne: and so much also the Pilasters and the Arch hold. The height of the Pedestals, without the Plinthus vnder them; shalbe as much as the whole bredth of the Pilaster, the members being deuided, as I haue sayd of the Pedestals of Corinthia. The height of the Columne, with Bases and Capitals shalbe of 11. parts, and that shal not therefore be false, for it is set fast on a stone, more for ornament, then for vpholding of any waight. The height of the Architraue, Fréese, and Cornice shall be made of the fourth part of the Columnes, and in Perpendicular the Columnes shall beare out all the members without the Corona or Cima, which will goe right through without crookening; for good Antiquities vsed to doe so: and Bramant also, the light of Architecture in our age, made such a house in Rome, called Beluedore. The widenesse of the doore, shalbe of foure Columnes thickenesse, and twice as high. The Antepagmentum, Supercilie, and Fréese, shall bee made so, that the Cornices, which vphold the Columnes, shall serue also aboue the doore, and also ouer the windowes. The widenesse whereof shall bee of thrée Columnes thickenesse, and the height of fiue. The second Story shall be lesse then the first, the fourth part: but the whole height being deuided in 6. one shall be for the Podium, foure for the spaces of the windowes, and the other for the Architraue, Fréese and Cornice, deuided in such maner, as you shall sée it in the order of Composita. The widenesse of the windowes are in Perpendicular to the nethermost; and the bredth twice in the height: the rest of the ornaments, as windowes and Niches, shalbe done as in this Ionica Gate is shewed, which being wrought with more liuelynesse and flourishings, will bee a Corinthian worke. The bredth of the Niches with the Pilasters, shalbe in Perpendicular aboue the Columnes, but the widenesse thereof, being deuided in 7. fiue shalbe for one Niche, and 2. for the Pilasters. The height shalbe of 3. bredths, because they stand farre from sight, whereby they shew shorter. The Pillars aboue the Cornice are made for ornament, and also for commoditie, to make Chimneyes of some of them.

THings that are made for common vse (although they are placed in all proportion and measure) are much commended; but not admired. But things that are not vsed, if they were made for some causes, and well proportioned, shall not onely bee commended of most men, but also wondred at. Therefore this building following, which representeth a Temple, shall first be made of strong rusticall maner, as you sée, and of such height as the place and situation requireth; but it must not be higher then 2. mens length: On which flat or Pauement, a man shall goe vpon, beginning at the step A. standing within the entrie, and going vp to B. then it shall bee flat where the Temple shall haue a broad walke, with a leaning round about. The which Temple shall bee eleuated from the walking or Pauement, till you come aboue the height of the Podium, or leaning, 3. steps more: and to come to that, you must goe vpon the step C. to the flat D. which shalbe the height of the Podium, with another leaning, which shalbe higher then the lowest. And from this flat, to the Pauement of the Temple, the sayd thrée steps shalbe: the widenesse of this Facie shall be deuided in 24. parts, and one of these parts shalbe the thickenesse of the Columne. The middlemost inter-Columne shall haue 4. parts: those that stand on the sides, where the windowes are, shalbe 3. parts: and where the Niches shall be, they shall each of them haue a part and an halfe, so shall the 24. parts bee distributed. The same Stilobato, as is without at the Podium, shall also bee made vnder the Columne; of which Pedestall, the height without the Plinthus, the Base shalbe 3. parts. The height of the Columnes, with Bases and Capitals, shalbe of 3. parts and an halfe. The Architraue, Fréese, and Cornice, shalbe a fourth part of the Columne, as it is sayd of others: and the members also deuided in 4. sorts, the widenesse of the Gate shalbe 3. parts, and the height 7. parts and an halfe, which is about 2. foure squares and an halfe: and this is done, for that by reason of the distance, they séemed shorter to a mans sight, then these that are below. The widenes of the windowes shalbe one part and an halfe; but the height shalbe more then 2. fouresquares, because of the sayd shortening. The bredth of the Niches shalbe one part, and the height of 3. bredths, for the same reason: the order that the Fastigium holdeth, shalbe like the Pedestal in height, and the Cornice the fourth part of the sayd height: and the other, where the kettell or Lanthorne riseth vp, is also of the same height, which shall be so much more then halfe round, as the Proiecture shall couer the Cornice. On the 4. corners of the Temple, for the more beautifying, you may make 4. Piramides: the height whereof (without the Stimen) shall be as the eyes are at the beginning of the Fastigium: and the Scima like the Fastigium: which Fastigium shalbe made by the like rules, as are spoken of before, of the Temple of Dorica. The parts vnder the Temple, shalbe for certayne Oratories, called Confessionals, whereof I haue séene many vnder the high Altar.

ALthough in these our dayes, men make no Arches Tryumphant of Marble or of other stones, neuerthelesse, when any great personage entereth into a Towne, they vse to make Arches tryumphant for to welcome him in, which they set in the fayrest places of the Towne, adorned and painted in most curious maner. Therefore, if you will make an Arch after the Corinthia maner, the proportion and measure shalbe, that the light shalbe of two fouresquares, and one sixt part: the thickenesse of the Columnes shall be the 5. part of the widenesse of the doore or light: The height of the Pedestals shalbe of thrée Columnes thicke: and the height of the Columne shalbe of ten parts and an halfe. The Epistilie, Sophore, and Cornice, are together the fourth part of the height of the Columne: and so from vnder the Arch, to vnder the Architraue, there shall hang a role of two Columnes thickenesse in height, and the lessening thereof vnder, shalbe drawne vp to the Center of the Arch. Touching the particular members, as the Pedestal, Base, Capitall, Architraue, Fréese, and Cornice, you shall obserue the rule before set downe: the bredth of the Arch, with the Pilaster, shalbe halfe a Columne. The inter-Columne must be of a Columne and an halfe. The Niches are a Columne broad, and the height thrée, for a standing Image to be placed in them. The height of the second order shalbe made thus: the Columne without Pedestal, shalbe set in the vpper part in the Cornice in thrée parts, and one of those parts shalbe the height: but of that height there shalbe foure parts made: one shalbe the Cornice aboue; the diuiding whereof, may be drawne out of the Chapter of Dorica, altering the members. The height of the Bases stand eleuated aboue the Cornice the thickenesse of a Columne below; and that is, for that the Proiecture of the Corona darkeneth the rest of the Bases netherward. The Cornices shall giue out, as you see them in the Figure. The height of the Fastigium shall be made by one of the rules set downe in the Dorica. This present Figure doeth partly resemble the A•ch at Ancona: but with great reuerence, in regard of such a workeman, I haue brought the measures into one generall rule, that euery man may easily put such measure in vse.

AS much as néed required, I haue spoken of Corinthia; although a man might speake of diuers kindes of ornaments: but it is néedfull to speake of the ornament of a Chimney, because of the dayly vse thereof, so that a man cannot bee without it: for not onely in great, but also in small Chambers men vse to make fire, where, in such straight places, they set such Chimneyes within the wall, whereon a man may make diuers ornaments after the Corinthia maner. But if you make them in this forme, then the widenesse must be taken, according to the situation of the place: and the Pilaster shall be made of the sixt part of the widenesse; but of the eyght part the worke will be séemelyer: the which Pilaster or Antepagmentum, together with the Supercilium, shall bee deuyded like the Architraue of the Corinthia. This Fréese aboue, because it is grauen, shalbe made a fourth part greater then the Supercilium. The Cornice, together with the Capitals of the Mutiles, shall hold as much as the Supercilium, and the same deuided in thrée, as it is sayd of the Cornice, in the Corinthia. The bredth of the Mutiles, or Ancones (as we say) aboue, shalbe like the Pilaster, but beneath, which reacheth down to the opening, they shalbe one fourth part smalle• and vnder them there hang out two leaues, as you sée in the Figure: which Proiecture shall bee referred to the pleasure of the workeman. To make or leaue the ornament aboue, there consisteth not much therein: and this inuention shal serue not onely for a Chimney to beautifie it withall, but also for a doore, or other things, and the Frontispicie thereon will agrée well with it, when you vse it for a doore.

IN a Hall or a great Chamber there is a great Chimney required, proportioned according to the distance, the which néedeth a great conueyance; therefore, if a man will make the Modiglions sufficient for such a bearing out, hee must make two places on the sides: but in such a case (I meane) he should make two flat Columnes, and before them round Pillars, not close to the other, in such maner, that betwéene them both the place for the Columne must be, and in this maner you shall adorne them. As I sayd in the beginning of this Chapter, the Corinthian maner had her beginning from a mayd, of the Towne of Corinthia: therefore I haue placed a mayd here, in stead of a Columne: the height and bredth of the opening, being made according to the place, the height shall be deuided in nine parts, and one of those parts shall be for the heads of the mayds, and the whole Figure being formed and swaddled, as you sée: then the flat Columne or the Pillar shall be of the same proportion, obseruing the measure before set downe. Vpon the Columne, the Architraue, Freese and Cornice shall beset: which height, together, shall be the fourth part of a Columne lying, measured after the rule aforesayd, from the Cornice vpwards, to the place; and the height thereof a man may adorne in this maner, as in the Figure: and who doubteth that this inuention might not serue for a Doore, making such a Columne against the wall, and specially before the Gate or Doore of a Court, or place of tryumph, and such like?

The end of the Corinthia maner of building.